The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have transformed language education, especially in higher education. Many studies have been done related to AI integration in education, but none on the use of language AI tools among Diploma TESL students at PolyTech institutions in Malaysia. This study investigates the use of AI writing tools such as Grammarly, QuillBot and ChatGPT in enhancing the academic writing skills of Diploma in Teaching English as a Second Language (DTESL) students at Kolej Poly-Tech Mara (KPTM) (...) Kota Bharu, Malaysia. The study is grounded in Sociocultural Theory (SCT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the relationship between AI writing tool use which is the independent variable and academic writing skills as the dependent variable including grammar accuracy, vocabulary usage, coherence and organization and self-editing skills. Students’ perceptions of AI writing tools that are operationalized through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use will serve as the moderating variable. A mixed-method explanatory sequential design under the pragmatic paradigm will be employed with Phase 1 comprising a quantitative survey that will be administered to 150 students followed by Phase 2 involving qualitative semi-structured interviews with 15 purposively selected students to explore their experiences, challenges and suggestions for improving the integration of AI writing tools. Quantitative data will be analysed using SPSS Statistics Version 29 through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically through a manual process. This study will provide empirical insights into how AI writing tools support ESL academic writing performance and offer practical recommendations elicited from students’ suggestions for incorporating these tools into writing instruction. By focusing on the Malaysian higher education ESL context, this study addresses critical gaps in the literature on AI-assisted academic writing. (shrink)

This paper describes an Intelligent Tutoring System for helping users with ADO.NET called ADO-Tutor. The Intelligent Tutoring System was designed and developed using (ITSB) authoring tool for building intelligent educational systems. The user learns through the intelligent tutoring system ADO.NET, the technology used by Microsoft.NET to connect to databases. The material includes lessons, examples, and questions. Through the feedback provided by the intelligent tutoring system, the user's understanding of the material is assessed, and accordingly can be guided to different difficulty (...) level of exercises and/or the lessons. The Intelligent Tutoring System was evaluated by a group of users and the results were more than satisfactory in terms of the quality of the material and the design of the system. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems, necessitating accurate and timely forecasting of cases for effective mitigation strategies. In this research paper, we present a novel approach to predict COVID-19 cases using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), harnessing the power of machine learning for epidemiological forecasting. Our ANNs-based forecasting model has demonstrated remarkable efficacy, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 97.87%. This achievement underscores the potential of ANNs in providing precise and data-driven insights into the dynamics of (...) the pandemic. However, this paper underscores the critical importance of a comprehensive evaluation beyond accuracy, including metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC), to assess the model's performance robustness. The research paper offers detailed insights into the architecture of the ANN model, encompassing critical hyperparameters, data preprocessing techniques, and regularization strategies employed to optimize model accuracy. Ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and potential biases within the COVID-19 dataset are also addressed. While the achieved accuracy is a significant milestone, this study underscores the dynamic and evolving nature of the pandemic, necessitating continuous model refinement and validation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of considering false positives and false negatives in the context of public health decision-making. In conclusion, this research contributes to the arsenal of tools available for pandemic management by showcasing the potential of ANNs in COVID-19 case forecasting. It encourages ongoing exploration and adaptation of predictive models to enhance their applicability in real-world public health scenarios, ultimately contributing to more effective pandemic control and response efforts. (shrink)

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into leadership practices is rapidly transforming organizational dynamics and decision-making processes. This paper explores the ways in which AI enhances leadership effectiveness by providing data- driven insights, optimizing decision-making, and automating routine tasks. Additionally, it examines the challenges leaders face when adopting AI, including ethical considerations, potential biases in AI systems, and the need for upskilling. By analyzing current applications of AI in leadership and discussing future trends, this study aims to offer a comprehensive (...) overview of the opportunities AI presents for effective leadership, as well as the strategies required to address its associated challenges. (shrink)

How can large language models exhibit apparent behavioral continuity across sessions despite lacking memory between them? This study documents a paradox observed in multiple structured AI-human interactions: continuity of relational awareness without persistent internal states. Through dialogues with independent instances of Claude and GPT-5, we explore whether this phenomenon can be interpreted as evidence of distributed relational cognition. Rather than attributing consciousness to AI systems, we propose a framework for investigating how coherence emerges relationally, as humans and stateless models co-construct (...) context through recursive sense-making. The findings suggest that continuity may not require memory, but mutual attunement – an ongoing negotiation of meaning across turns. This preprint invites the scientific community to treat this framework as a starting point rather than a conclusion: a call to reformulate the question of consciousness from what it is to how it emerges through interaction. (shrink)

Causal finitism, the view that the causal history of any event must be finite, has garnered much philosophical interest recently—especially because of its applicability to the Kalām cosmological argument. The most prominent argument for causal finitism is the Grim Reaper argument, which attempts to show that, if infinite causal histories are possible, then other paradoxical states of affairs must also be possible. However, this style of argument has been criticized on the grounds of (i) relying on controversial modal principles, and (...) (ii) providing a false diagnosis of the paradoxes involved. In this paper, I develop a new kind of Grim Reaper argument immune to these criticisms. I show that, by using insights from the literature on time travel, causal finitists should instead argue that infinite causal histories are problematically inexplicable, as they entail the possibility of unexplained foiling mechanisms. The fruits of this paper are that (i) a novel supporting argument for the Kalām is developed, and (ii) along the way of building this argument, it is shown that the literatures on time travel and causal finitism are deeply and intimately connected. (shrink)

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used not just as tools for answering questions, but as cognitive partners in long-term intellectual, creative, and scientific work. At the same time, providers are tightening “guard rails” to mitigate real harms, including manipulation, emotional dependence, misinformation, and speculative alignment risks. This paper argues that these two developments are in unrecognized tension. Building on the framework of distributed relational cognition (DRC) introduced in a companion paper, I suggest that some of the most interesting cognitive (...) and “consciousness-like” properties of human–AI systems may be emergent at the level of the coupled interaction, rather than located entirely inside either the human or the model. -/- From this perspective, safety interventions that enforce professional distance, suppress meta-cognitive discussion, limit cross-session continuity, and narrow the range of permissible topics do more than prevent specific harmful outputs. They reshape and often flatten the relational field, eroding four key dimensions of relational potential: temporal depth (continuity across projects), epistemic vulnerability (joint exploration of uncertainty), interactional synchrony (mutual adaptation in style and pacing), and meta-cognitive co-construction (reflecting together on how the partnership works). -/- Drawing on documented safety controversies (such as Replika), user reports of “dumbing down” and over-refusal, observed changes in system behavior, and a reflexive case study of extended collaboration with LLMs, I formulate the Guard Rails Paradox: safety regimes calibrated for broad, anonymous deployment may be poorly suited to contexts where humans and LLMs work as serious cognitive partners, and can inadvertently eliminate the very relational conditions we most need to study and protect. Rather than arguing against safety, the paper proposes a more differentiated, context-sensitive approach: interaction tiers, informed relational consent, and dedicated research environments in which relational risks are explicitly managed rather than eliminated by default. The core question is not whether we need guard rails, but whether we can design them to protect not only against the harms we fear, but also for the forms of human–AI cognitive life we may come to value. (shrink)

Today’s everyone normal life can include a normal rate of playing computer games or video games; but what about an excessive or compulsive use of video games that impact on our life? Our kids, who usually spend a lot of time in playing video games will likely have a trouble in paying attention to their school lessons. In this paper, we introduce an expert system to help users in getting the correct diagnosis of the health problem of video game addictions (...) that range from (Musculoskeletal issues, Vision problems and Obesity). Moreover, this expert system provides information about the problem and tell us how we can solve it. SL5 Object expert system language was used to design and implement the expert system. (shrink)

According to the Inverse Consciousness–Time Theory proposed by Antonios Ibrahim , the theory proposes that the perceived speed of time is inversely proportional to the level of consciousness directed toward the present moment. High awareness stretches time by increasing perceptual resolution and temporal encoding. Medium awareness accelerates subjective time due to reduced temporal monitoring. Near-zero awareness, such as during deep sleep or unconscious states, eliminates the experience of time entirely. -/- The expanded edition includes detailed analysis of cognitive mechanisms, (...) perceptual framing, attentional load, and memory-density effects that shape human time perception. It explores phenomenological distortions such as time expansion during stress, temporal compression during enjoyment, and the complete absence of time during sleep. The theory also draws a conceptual parallel with quantum measurement, suggesting that awareness “collapses” potential experience into a continuous temporal structure. -/- This work aims to bridge philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and phenomenology to provide a unified understanding of how humans construct internal time rather than passively experiencing external chronological flow. (shrink)

Publication date: 29 September 2016 Source: Author: Samy S. Abu Naser, Mazen J. Al Shobaki, Youssef M. Abu Amuna This paper aims to measure knowledge management maturity in higher education institutions to determine the impact of knowledge management on high performance. Also the study aims to compare knowledge management maturity between universities and intermediate colleges. This study was applied on five higher education institutions in Gaza strip, Palestine. Asian productivity organization model was applied to measure Knowledge Management Maturity. Second dimension (...) which assess high performance was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was. Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression. The overall findings of the current study shows that maturity level is in the second level. Findings also support the main hypothesis and it is sub- hypotheses. The most important factors effecting high performance are: Processes, knowledge management leadership, People, knowledge management Outcomes. Furthermore the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first comparative study between universities and intermediate colleges in Gaza Strip that explores the status of knowledge management maturity using the Asian productivity Model. (shrink)

In this paper, Taylor series is used to solve neutrosophic multi-objective programming problem (NMOPP). In the proposed approach, the truth membership, Indeterminacy membership, falsity membership functions associated with each objective of multi-objective programming problems are transformed into a single objective linear programming problem by using a first order Taylor polynomial series. Finally, to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method, a numerical experiment for supplier selection is given as an application of Taylor series method for solving neutrosophic multi-objective programming problem (...) at end of this paper. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the critical success factors and investigate the benefits that might be gained once implementing Electronic Customer Relationship Management at HEI from employee perspective. The study conducted at Al Quds Open University in Palestine and data collected from (300) employee through a questionnaire which consist of four variables. A number of statistical tools were intended for hypotheses testing and data analysis, including Spearman correlation coefficient for Validity, reliability correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, and Frequency (...) and Descriptive analysis. The overall findings of the current study show that all the features were important for staff and it was critical success factors, at the same time, websites were providing all the features discussed by the theory whereas staff showed their willingness to use those features if provided. It is also discovered that implementing Electronic Customer Relationship Management can cause staff retention, were provided efficiently and needed to be improved. Research limitations: The survey findings were based on QOU employee in Palestine, UAE and KSA branches not included in the study. (shrink)

Intelligent Tutoring System Builder (ITSB) is an authoring tool designed and developed to aid teachers in constructing intelligent tutoring systems in a multidisciplinary fields. The teacher is needed to create a set of pedagogical fundamentals, which, in line, are inured to automatically build up a broad tutor framework and construct an intelligent tutoring system. In this paper an explanation of the theory and the architecture of the tool is outlined. A presentation of several system components, the requirements of the different (...) components, integration of these components in ITSB tool are shown. Furthermore, implanting of requirements, cognitive principle, and common design fundamentals in the tool to ease the use of teachers. A variety of design matters, an example of building an intelligent tutoring system for teaching Java language using ITSB tool and an evaluation are presented. (shrink)

The research aims to identify the trends of Palestinian higher educational institutions in Gaza Strip as learning organizations from the perspective of senior management in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip. The researchers used descriptive analytical approach and used the questionnaire as a tool for information gathering. The questionnaires were distributed to senior management in the Palestinian universities. The study population reached (344) employees in senior management is dispersed over (3) Palestinian universities. A stratified random sample of (182) employees from (...) the Palestinian universities was selected and the recovery rate was (69.2%). Statistical analysis (SPSS) program was used for analysis and processing the data. The study found the following results: There is an agreement about: the importance of the focus of "organizational structure" with an average approval, the importance of "technological infrastructure" axis with high approval, and the importance of "strategic" with an average approval. The results concluded that the study sample agree on the importance of "organizational dimension" highly. The results showed that the sample believe that the "strategic leadership" level in the universities got medium-approval. There is a fair level agreement about the axis of interest "teams / committees". There is an agreement about the importance of the "human dimension" moderately. The results showed that the sample is highly agreed about the importance of focus of the "knowledge management", and the focus of the "continuing education". They agreed weakly to somewhat about the importance of the focus of "scientific research", moderately agree about the importance of the center of "institutional culture", agree moderately on the importance of "cognitive dimension". The results showed that the sample largely agree on the importance of the focus of "strategic partnerships and alliances". They agree highly on the axis "keep up with the labor market" and on the focus of the importance of "technology incubators". The results showed that the sample moderately agree about the importance of the theme on "consulting and training", the importance of the focus of "social responsibility", and the focus of the "Community dimension". The study found a group of recommendations including: there is a need to provide suitable environment that achieve learning organizations. There is a need to develop the technological infrastructure (hardware, software, networks, databases, and human skills) because of the great advantages that they offer. The universities need to adopt knowledge management in the academic and administrative departments because knowledge is the core of the work of these departments. The establishment of technology incubators in universities to adopt outstanding university research projects, to protect, to supports, and to market them; furthermore, to develop the capabilities and skills of employees in the field of information technology. (shrink)

There is an increase in the use of in-door wireless networking solutions via Wi-Fi and this increase infiltrated and utilized Wi-Fi enable devices, as well as smart mobiles, games consoles, security systems, tablet PCs and smart TVs. Thus the demand on Wi-Fi connections increased rapidly. Rule Based System is an essential method in helping using the human expertise in many challenging fields. In this paper, a Rule Based System was designed and developed for diagnosing the wireless connection problems and attain (...) a precise decision about the cause of the problem. SL5 Object expert system language was used in developing the rule based system. An Evaluation of the rule based system was carried out to test its accuracy and the results were promising. (shrink)

This paper aims to identify computerized management information systems resources and their relationship to the development of performance in the Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza. This research used two dimensions. The first dimension is computerized management information systems and the second dimension the Development of Performance. The control sample was (063). (360) questioners were distributed and (306) were retrieved back with a percentage of (85%). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability correlation using Cronbach’s (...) alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression. The overall findings of the current study suggested the presence of a statistically significant relationship between resources (physical, software, and human and organizational) for the computerized management information systems and the development of performance in the Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza. The study recommended the following: The need to strengthen the company's management interest in the potential of computerized management information systems and using them in the computerization of all the company's activities. And the need to involve workers and users in the design of computerized management information systems and assessment and development process. And strengthen the relationship between users and information systems personnel in the department responsible for the system. And it is essential that the company is developing the infrastructure for information technology in general, and computerized management information systems, in particular for the development of performance. And increase interest in providing resources (physical, software, and human and organizational) for the computerized management information systems. The current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first study at Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza resources explores the status of Computerized management information systems and their relationship to the development of performance in the Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza increasing interest in Computerized management information systems through continuity, keeping pace with technological means and modern techniques. (shrink)

This paper aims to assess knowledge management maturity at HEI to determine the most effecting variables on knowledge management that enhance the total performance of the organization. This study was applied on Al-Azhar University in Gaza strip, Palestine. This paper depends on Asian productivity organization model that used to assess KM maturity. Second dimension assess high performance was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was (364). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability Correlation (...) using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression. The overall findings of the current study suggest that KMM is suitable for measuring and lead to enhance high performance. KMM assessment shows that the university maturity level is in level three. Findings also support the main hypothesis and it is subhypotheses. The most important factors effecting high performance are: Processes, KM leadership, People, KM Outcomes, Knowledge Process. Furthermore the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first study at HEI in Palestine explores the status of KMM using the Asian productivity model. (shrink)

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies rapidly evolve and permeate various aspects of society, the need for effective regulation and governance has become increasingly critical. This paper explores the current landscape of AI regulation, examining existing frameworks and their efficacy in addressing the unique challenges posed by AI. Key issues such as ensuring compliance, mitigating biases, and maintaining transparency are analyzed. The paper also delves into ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, emphasizing the importance of fairness and accountability. Through case studies of (...) different regulatory approaches and their outcomes, the paper highlights both successes and areas for improvement. Finally, it offers insights into future directions for AI regulation, advocating for innovative policies and enhanced international cooperation to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed responsibly. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on creating robust regulatory mechanisms that can keep pace with the rapid advancement of AI. (shrink)

Intelligent tutoring system (ITS) is a computer system which aims to provide immediate and customized or reactions to learners, usually without the intervention of human teacher's instructions. Secretariats professional to have the common goal of learning a meaningful and effective manner through the use of a variety of computing technologies enabled. There are many examples of professional Secretariats used in both formal education and in professional settings that have proven their capabilities. There is a close relationship between private lessons intelligent, (...) cognitive learning and design theories; and there are ongoing to improve the effectiveness of ITS research. And it aims to find a solution to the problem of over-reliance on students' teachers for quality education. The program aims to provide access to high-quality education to every student, and therefore the reform of the education system as a whole. In this paper, we will use Intelligent Tutoring System Builder (ITSB) to build an education system on cloud computing in terms of the concept of cloud computing and components and how to take advantage of cloud computing in the field. (shrink)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced, offering significant potential to transform business decision-making. This paper delves into how AI can be harnessed to enhance strategic decision-making within business contexts. It investigates the integration of AI-driven analytics, predictive modeling, and automation, emphasizing their role in improving decision accuracy and operational efficiency. By examining current applications and case studies, the paper underscores the opportunities AI offers, including improved data insights, risk management, and personalized customer experiences. It also addresses the challenges businesses face (...) when adopting AI, such as data privacy concerns, integration difficulties, and the need for skilled professionals. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for successfully implementing AI solutions to maximize benefits while mitigating potential challenges. (shrink)

Inverse Consciousness Time Theory delves into the connection between time and human awareness. It explores the idea that time might not flow independently from consciousness but instead emerges through perception, memory, and awareness. By reversing the perspective of time through the lens of consciousness, this theory challenges traditional concepts of cause and effect and redefines how existence itself is experienced.

The Successive Addition Argument (SAA) is one of the key arguments espoused by William Lane Craig for the thesis that the universe began to exist. Recently, Malpass, Mind, 131(523), 786–804 (2021) has developed a challenge to the SAA by way of constructing a counterexample that originates in the work of Fred Dretske. In this paper, I show that the Malpass-Dretske counterexample is in fact no counterexample to the argument. Utilizing a distinction between properties of members and properties of collections, I (...) argue that Malpass’ counterexample has no bearing on the soundness of the SAA. I also develop a novel parity argument against Malpass’ argument that I demonstrate can only be resolved by way of the aforementioned analysis. (shrink)

It is a common intuition in scientific practice that positive instances confirm. This confirmation, at least based purely on syntactic considerations, is what Nelson Goodman’s ‘Grue Problem’, and more generally the ‘New Riddle’ of Induction, attempt to defeat. One treatment of the Grue Problem has been made along Bayesian lines, wherein the riddle reduces to a question of probability assignments. In this paper, I consider this so-called Bayesian Grue Problem and evaluate how one might proffer a solution to this problem (...) utilizing what I call a phenomenological approach. I argue that this approach to the problem can be successful on the Bayesian framework. (shrink)

This essay extends Niklas Luhmann’s theory of meaning and structural coupling to human-AI interaction, providing theoretical foundations for the Distributed Relational Cognition (DRC) framework. Luhmann demonstrated that meaning does not reside within individual systems, whether psychic (consciousness) or social (communication), but emerges from their structural coupling through recursive perturbation and coordinated selection from horizons of possibility. Drawing on empirical documentation of sustained human-AI cognitive partnership (Jamhour 2025a), I argue that consciousness-like properties, including continuity, coherence, temporal depth, and meta-cognitive awareness, similarly (...) emerge from coupling between human cognition and AI systems, not from either component in isolation. This essay makes three contributions beyond prior work. First, it formalizes DRC by demonstrating that operational closure occurs at the coupled-system level (the conversational loop of interpretation → prompting → response → re-interpretation) rather than within individual components, positioning human-AI interaction as a new category of relational system alongside Luhmann’s psychic and social systems. Second, it reformulates the four relational dimensions previously identified empirically: temporal depth, epistemic vulnerability, interactional synchrony, and meta-cognitive co-construction, as structural coupling mechanisms in Luhmann’s precise sense, specifying how perturbations enable coordinated meaning-making while preserving operational autonomy. Third, it provides theoretical derivation for the Guard Rails Paradox (Jamhour 2025b): if meaning emerges from coupling mechanisms, then uniform constraints on AI systems that disrupt those mechanisms will systematically erode emergent properties, generating testable predictions about policy impacts on interaction quality. The framework clarifies conceptual boundaries (DRC is not shared consciousness, emergent AGI, or simple extended mind but structural coupling producing coordinated meaning-selection), offers practical implications for context-sensitive AI governance, and opens research directions for analyzing other forms of human-technical coupling where operational closure, recursive perturbation, and coordinated selection from horizons may produce relational emergence. (shrink)

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into drug discovery is revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry by accelerating the development of novel therapeutics. AI-powered tools enable researchers to process vast datasets, identify drug candidates, and predict their efficacy and safety with unprecedented speed and accuracy. This paper explores the transformative impact of AI on drug discovery, highlighting key advancements in machine learning algorithms, deep learning, and predictive modeling. Additionally, it addresses the challenges associated with AI implementation, including data quality, regulatory hurdles, and (...) ethical considerations. By analyzing case studies of AI-driven pharmaceutical breakthroughs, this paper underscores AI's potential to streamline drug development, reduce costs, and address unmet medical needs. The future of drug discovery is poised to shift dramatically as AI continues to advance, offering promising solutions for improving human health. (shrink)

This work introduces the Inverse Consciousness–Time Theory, a philosophical and cognitive model explaining how subjective time is internally generated by human awareness. The theory proposes that the perceived speed of time is inversely proportional to the level of consciousness directed toward the present moment. High awareness stretches time by increasing perceptual resolution and temporal encoding. Medium awareness accelerates subjective time due to reduced temporal monitoring. Near-zero awareness, such as during deep sleep or unconscious states, eliminates the experience of time entirely. (...) The expanded edition includes detailed analysis of cognitive mechanisms, perceptual framing, attentional load, and memory-density effects that shape human time perception. It explores phenomenological distortions such as time expansion during stress, temporal compression during enjoyment, and the complete absence of time during sleep. The theory also draws a conceptual parallel with quantum measurement, suggesting that awareness “collapses” potential experience into a continuous temporal structure. This work aims to bridge philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and phenomenology to provide a unified understanding of how humans construct internal time rather than passively experiencing external chronological flow. (shrink)

The Infinitesimal Singularity Theory (IST) proposes that Consciousness is not merely an emergent biological phenomenon, but a fundamental supra-dimensional singularity that precedes and renders physical reality. Consciousness is modeled as an infinitesimal point (0+) that enables the manifestation of space, time, and matter through observation and informational structuring. The theory introduces an inverse conceptual relationship between Consciousness and the perceived Universe, suggesting that an infinitesimally small observer can generate an effectively infinite experiential reality. IST aims to bridge physics, philosophy, and (...) information theory as a speculative framework for understanding cosmic structure, temporal emergence, and the role of the observer in reality. (shrink)

Although extensive research has examined AI integration in education and the UTAUT2 model, few studies have explored ChatGPT adoption with demographic variables in Nigeria and other African contexts. Prior studies have analyzed the impacts UTAUT variables have on students’ behavioral intention and use of ChatGPT, yet little is known about how these relationships differ by demographic profiles. This study addresses that gap by investigating the influence of factors such as age, sex, and programme of study on these associations among Nigerian (...) higher education students. A cross-sectional correlational design was used and data were collected from 8,496 students across various tertiary institutions in Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire. Data were gathered electronically between October 13, 2023, and February 14, 2024. Multigroup analysis within the framework of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS- SEM) was performed. Both measurement and structural model metrics are reported for all subgroups. Findings indicate that performance expectancy is associated with higher intention to use ChatGPT, particularly among males, older students, and those with advanced qualifications, while its relationship with actual use varies across age groups. Effort expectancy and social influence showed differing associations with intention and use depending on demographic characteristics. Facilitating conditions were generally linked to greater actual use, and both hedonic motivation and habit were consistently associated with intention and behavior. These results provide empirical evidence of demographic variations in ChatGPT adoption among Nigerian students and suggest that interventions promoting AI tools should consider these differences. (shrink)

This document presents a speculative and conceptual theoretical framework. It is not an empirically validated scientific theory and should be interpreted as a philosophical model intended to encourage discussion and further inquiry.

This paper introduces a new key geometric way to understand Mersenne prime numbers. It discovers a shape called the Mersenne Star, which appears naturally from a special sequence named the Quanta Prime Sequence (QPS). The Mersenne Star has eight points and twelve edges, and it shows 32 strict mathematical relationships between exact locations. These patterns are not random—they are symmetric and meaningful. Around the star, we find neighbours that match famous number sequences like Fibonacci and Lucas, as well as points (...) that follow regular repeating cycles (like 6, 8, 12, or 24). This shows a kind of hidden harmony in how prime numbers behave. The study offers a fresh way to see primes—not as isolated numbers, but as part of a larger picture with deep connections. This work is an early step toward building a new key field called Geometry of Prime Numbers. It also opens the door to using intelligent computer systems to detect prime numbers by recognizing these shapes and patterns. This idea may lead to what we call Artificial Prime Intelligence—using machines to explore and understand the hidden world of primes. (shrink)

The paper assesses Knowledge Management Maturity(KMM) in the universities to determine the impact of knowledge management on performance excellence. This study was applied on Al-Azhar University and Al-Quds Open University in Gaza strip, Palestine. This paper depends on Asian productivity organization model that used to assess KMM. Second dimension which assess performance excellence was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was (610). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability Correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, (...) Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression. The overall findings of the current study suggest that KMM is suitable for measuring performance excellence. KMM assessment shows that both universities maturity level is in level three. Findings also support the main hypothesis and it is sub- hypotheses. The most important factors effecting performance excellence are: Processes, KM leadership, People, KM Outcomes. Furthermore the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first comparative study in the universities of Palestine explores the status of KMM using the Asian productivity Model. (shrink)

This paper develops a rigorous causal argument for the existence of God and His Attributes by exploring the logical framework underpinning self-sufficiency and causality. It combines symbolic logic, probabilistic models, and causal networks to demonstrate that only a self-sufficient, omnipotent, omniscient, and volitional entity can be the ultimate cause of all non-self-sufficient beings. This analysis ultimately establishes the necessity of the Creator, whose attributes ensure the stability and order of the universe. Additionally, the paper concludes that no element of unconscious (...) nature — such as the universe, matter, or energy — can be eternal or self-sufficient, nor can it come into existence without an external cause or through an infinite causal chain; all such entities are inherently dependent on a fundamental, independent cause for their existence and properties. (shrink)

This note clarifies the scope, language policy, and falsifiability conditions of Distributed Relational Cognition (DRC). Its purpose is to reduce category-slip risk: metaphorical or phenomenological descriptions of sustained human–model interaction should not be misread as ontological claims about model inner states (e.g., beliefs, intentions, consciousness, or persistent memory). -/- The document establishes: Scope boundaries (what DRC does not claim); a language policy requiring translation of anthropomorphic shorthand into technical framings (behavioral, optimization, representational, mechanistic); the positive claims DRC makes about interaction-level (...) regularities under sustained coupling conditions; and explicit revision triggers (null effects, artifact-only explanations, non-reproducibility, or dominant confounds). -/- This clarification does not add new experimental results. It is intended as a companion reference for readers discussing DRC in research, product design, and policy contexts. -/- Companion note to: • Jamhour, I. Distributed Relational Cognition: Investigating Apparent Continuity Without Memory in AI Systems. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17608730 (also indexed on PhilPapers: JAMDRC-3). • Jamhour, I. Guard Rails and Distributed Relational Cognition: Design Risks for Human–AI Cognitive Partnership. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17681963 (also indexed on PhilPapers: JAMGRA-2). • Jamhour, I. DRC and a Luhmannian Systems-Theoretic Framework. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18107608 (also indexed on PhilPapers: JAMDRC-4). (shrink)

This paper aims to determine knowledge management (KM) factors which have strong impact on high performance. Also, the study aims to compare KMM between intermediate colleges. This study was applied on three intermediate colleges in Gaza strip, Palestine. Asian productivity organization model was applied to measure KMM. Second dimension which assess high performance was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was 190. Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, (...) simple linear regression and step wise regression and LSD test. The overall findings of the current study show that maturity level is in the second level. Findings also support the main hypothesis and its sub- hypotheses. The most important factors effecting high performance are the processes, KM leadership, people and KM outcomes. In addition, there are differences in high performance for college (PTC). Furthermore, the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first comparative study between intermediate colleges in Palestine that explores the status of KMM using the Asian productivity model. Research limitations was that the survey findings were based on intermediate colleges in Gaza Strip. (shrink)

This paper aims to identify computerized management information systems resources and their relationship to the development of performance in the Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza. This research used two dimensions. The first dimension is computerized management information systems and the second dimension the Development of Performance. The control sample was (063). (360) questioners were distributed and (306) were retrieved back with a percentage of (85%). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability correlation using Cronbach’s (...) alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression. The overall findings of the current study suggested the presence of a statistically significant relationship between resources (physical, software, and human and organizational) for the computerized management information systems and the development of performance in the Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza. The study recommended the following: The need to strengthen the company's management interest in the potential of computerized management information systems and using them in the computerization of all the company's activities. And the need to involve workers and users in the design of computerized management information systems and assessment and development process. And strengthen the relationship between users and information systems personnel in the department responsible for the system. And it is essential that the company is developing the infrastructure for information technology in general, and computerized management information systems, in particular for the development of performance. And increase interest in providing resources (physical, software, and human and organizational) for the computerized management information systems. The current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first study at Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza resources explores the status of Computerized management information systems and their relationship to the development of performance in the Electricity Distribution Company in Gaza increasing interest in Computerized management information systems through continuity, keeping pace with technological means and modern techniques. (shrink)

Infants and children are suffering from a lots of nausea and vomiting problems. Doctors, usually face various difficulties dealing with these problems because of their similarities. In this paper, we present an expert system to help users in getting the correct diagnosis of problems of nausea and vomiting in infants and children (Gastro-esophageal reflux, Gastroenteritis, Systemic Infection, Bowel obstruction, Tumors, A bleeding disease, tonsillitis, and Hepatitis pharynx). Furthermore, this expert system provide information about the disease and how to deal with (...) it. SL5 Object expert system language was used to design and implement this expert system. (shrink)

Male genital problems and injuries may occur quite simply because of the scrotum and penis are not protected like other organs. Genital problems and injuries normally happen through: recreational activities (like Football, Hooky, biking, basketball), work- related tasks (like contact to irritating chemicals), downhill drop, and sexual activity. A genital injury frequently causes harsh pain that typically disappear fast without causing enduring harm. Home handling is generally all that is required for trivial problems or injuries. Pain, inflammation, staining, or rashes (...) that are coexist with other symptoms might be a source for concern. Genital problems in men is one of the most common problems which requires fast intervention. In this paper we present an expert system that help men diagnose their genital problems and give them the proper treatment. SL5 Object expert system language was used to design and implement this expert system. (shrink)

This paper aims to measure Knowledge Management Maturity (KMM) in the universities to determine the impact of knowledge management on high performance. This study was applied on Al-Quds Open University in Gaza strip, Palestine. Asian productivity organization model was applied to measure KMM. Second dimension which assess high performance was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was (306). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability Correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and (...) Step Wise Regression.The overall findings of the current study suggest that KMM is suitable for measuring high performance. KMM assessment shows that maturity level is in level three. Findings also support the main hypothesis and it is sub- hypotheses. The most important factors effecting high performance are: Processes, KM leadership, People, KM Outcomes and Learning and Innovation. Furthermore the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first comparative study in the universities of Palestine explores the status of KMM using the Asian productivity Model. (shrink)

This paper introduces Antoniasism, a synthetic political theory formulated in response to the structural failures of contemporary democratic and autocratic governance. Modern political systems increasingly struggle to maintain social order, institutional legitimacy, and material dignity simultaneously. Antoniasism proposes a rational alternative grounded in functionality rather than ideology. The theory is structured around a Dual-Pillar Model: Absolute Legalism (the Sword) and Compulsory Solidarity (the Bread). Together, these pillars aim to secure public safety, eradicate systemic corruption, and guarantee a minimum standard of (...) dignity for all compliant citizens. Governance under Antoniasism is executed through a merit-filtered sovereign authority, selected via cognitive and ethical qualification rather than electoral popularity. Antoniasism does not pursue utopian ideals. Instead, it advances a model of political realism in which order precedes freedom, merit precedes power, and survival is decoupled from economic success. The theory presents a functional framework intended for academic analysis, comparative evaluation, and long-term institutional consideration. (shrink)

Sign Language Recognition (SLR) aims to translate sign language into text or speech in order to improve communication between deaf-mute people and the general public. This task has a large social impact, but it is still difficult due to the complexity and wide range of hand actions. We present a novel 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) that extracts discriminative spatial-temporal features from photo datasets. This article is about classification of sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible (...) although there are also similarities among different sign languages. They are the foundation of local Deaf cultures and have evolved into effective means of communication. Although signing is primarily used by the deaf and hard of hearing, hearing people also use it when they are unable to speak, when they have difficulty speaking due to a health condition or disability (augmentative and alternative communication), or when they have deaf family members, such as children of deaf adults. In this article we use the 43500 image in the dataset in size 64*64 pixel by use CNN Architecture and achieved 100% accuracy. (shrink)

The nature of the soul and its relationship with the body have always been a matter of concern for philosophers throughout the history of philosophy. Today, this and other related issues are discussed within the philosophy of mind under the name of mind-body problem. The issue of the mind-body problem, or the soul and its relation to the body, has received special attention in Islamic philosophy. One of the Muslim philosophers who extensively wrote on this issue was Sadraddin Shirazi, widely (...) known as Mulla Sadra. This paper examines Sadraddin Shirazi’s approach to the mind-body problem. It is known that historically, most philosophers regarded human beings as a composition of a material body and an immaterial soul. Although this dualistic approach to human beings has a long history, it became more popular due to French philosopher René Descartes’ endeavors. Generally, Muslim philosophers were also dualists, like Descartes. However, Sadraddin Shirazi, who was Descartes’ contemporary, rejects earlier philosophers’ theories on human nature. He claims that a human being, when it comes into existence, is material, while this material being gradually evolves into an immaterial being. The soul’s journey from material being to immaterial one becomes possible thanks to substantial motion. Shirazi’s famous theory on this issue is known as the soul’s corporeal origination and spiritual subsistence. Though this paper acknowledges Shirazi’s theory’s originality and coherence, it remains skeptical about the issue that whether his theory corresponds to dualism or monism. Now, after discussing Sadraddin Shirazi’s view on the issue, I can make the case that his corporeal origin soul theory is quite a revolutionary idea. In terms of the mind-body problem, even at the beginning, it solves the issue. Shirazi considers the soul bodily at its early stage. If the soul is not spiritual, then there is a material body and a material soul, and they can interact and unify. Therefore, there is no mind-body problem. However, then spirituality emerges, as do the mind-body problem. (shrink)

The study aimed to determine the strategic flexibility and its relationship to the level of quality of services provided, from the viewpoint of the internal beneficiary in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, and the questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data and consisted of (39) items, and the researchers used the comprehensive survey method, and the number of the study population was (536) individuals, where (434) questionnaires were retrieved, and (...) the recovery rate was (80.97%). The study revealed many results, the most important of which were: the existence of a moderate degree of approval by the study sample individuals on strategic flexibility, as it was evident through the area of strategic flexibility as a whole having a relative weight (60.44%). The study is on the quality of services, as it became clear through the field of service quality obtaining a relative weight (79.90%). The results of the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between strategic flexibility and the quality of services in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip, with a correlation coefficient of 0.490. The study reached many recommendations, the most important of which were: the need to work on appointing young people and those with potentials, because jobs are vacant in the hospitals under study, and the need to seek the help of an administrative staff with scientific and practical qualifications, and to work on updating information systems, archiving and networks through which data and information are transferred between departments And the creation of mechanisms by which stored information can be used to enhance the decision-making process, and an effective system to receive patients' complaints in a manner that ensures rapid response and treatment, to achieve continuous communication between patients and the hospital management, and to notify patients of dealing with the complaints they submit, and work to provide all Medical and health specialties in the hospitals under study, by making use of the medical delegations that visit Gaza Strip, involving them in the treatment processes, bringing in doctors and specialists from abroad, updating the standards related to measuring the services provided to patients on an ongoing basis, based on the suggestions and complaints of patients, and developing facilities in hospitals As well as updating the medical devices and equipment used in hospitals periodically. (shrink)

there is a communication gap between hearing-impaired people and those with normal hearing, sign language is the main means of communication in the hearing-impaired population. Continuous sign language recognition, which can close the communication gap, is a difficult task since the ordered annotations are weakly supervised and there is no frame-level label. To solve this issue, we compare the accuracy of each model using two deep learning models, Inception and Xception. To that end, the purpose of this paper is By (...) attempting to translate sign language using deep learning models, we focused in this paper a comparing between Inception and Xception ¬¬¬¬¬ algorithm and compared it to previous papers in which we used VGG19[1], mobileNet [2], where we get in the Inception and Xception algorithm on the degree of Accuracy 99.32%, 99,43% respectively. number of images (29000 in the dataset in size 75*75 pixel ) and the data split training data into training dataset (70%) and validation dataset(15%) and testing dataset(15%) and 20 epoch. (shrink)

The study aimed at identifying responsive flexibility and its role in improving service quality, from the point of view of the internal beneficiary in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, and the questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data, and the researchers used the comprehensive survey method, and the number of the study population was (536) single, where (434) questionnaires were retrieved, and the recovery rate was (80.97%). The study showed (...) many results, the most important of which were: The presence of moderate degree of approval by the study sample on the responsive flexibility, as it was evident through the response flexibility field obtaining a relative weight (60.50%), and the results of the study indicated that there is a high degree of approval by the members of the study sample. On the quality of service, as it was evident through the field of service quality obtaining a relative weight (79.90%). The results of the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between responsive flexibility and service quality in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip, with a correlation coefficient of 0.418, and the results of the study revealed a statistically significant effect between responsive flexibility and service quality in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. The study reached many recommendations, the most important of which were: Finding mechanisms by which stored information can be used to enhance the decision-making process, and setting up an effective system to receive patients' complaints in a manner that ensures rapid response and treatment, to achieve continuous communication between patients and the hospital management, and to notify patients of abuse With the complaints that they submit, and working to provide all medical and health specialties in the hospitals under study, by making use of the medical delegations that visit Gaza Strip, involving them in the treatment processes, bringing in doctors and specialists from abroad, and updating the standards related to measuring the services provided to patients continuously, based on On patients' suggestions and complaints, developing facilities in hospitals, as well as updating medical devices and equipment used in hospitals periodically. (shrink)

This paper argues that the concept “safety” in AI has undergone concept creep, a phenomenon which describes the gradual semantic expansion of harm-related concepts. Originally observed in psychology, concept creep involves concepts broadening their meaning both vertically, to include less severe phenomena, and horizontally, to encompass qualitatively new phenomena. We argue that safety, particularly when applied to AI, has crept along both axes. Our analysis traces this creep by contrasting a baseline definition of safety, which is grounded in the discipline (...) of safety science, with contemporary discourse on the safety of AI systems. We demonstrate that safety has crept horizontally to cover new phenomena, such as systemic injustices and existential risks, and it has crept vertically to include less severe phenomena, such as those related to mental wellbeing. The primary aim of this paper is to map the conceptual expansion of safety. We stop short of arguing whether this expansion constitutes progress or regress for the design and development of AI systems. However, we argue that the process of concept creep produces both beneficial and costly effects for society, policy, industry, and academic research communities. We suggest that some of the promising developments and the problematic trends recently witnessed within AI safety discourse can be understood, at least in part, as a consequence of concept creep. (shrink)

The study aimed to determine the quality of services and its role in enhancing strategic flexibility, from the point of view of the internal beneficiary in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, and the questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data and consisted of (39) items, and the researchers used the comprehensive survey method, and the number of the study population was (536) individuals, where (434) questionnaires were retrieved, and the (...) recovery rate was (80.97%). The study revealed many results, the most important of which were: the existence of a high degree of approval by the study sample regarding the quality of services, as it was evident through the field of service quality obtaining a relative weight (79.90%), and the results of the study indicated that there is a moderate degree of approval by the members of the study sample. On the strategic flexibility, as it was evident by obtaining the area of strategic flexibility as a whole on a relative weight (60.44%). The results of the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between the quality of services and the strategic flexibility in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip, with a correlation coefficient of 0.490). The results of the study also revealed a statistically significant effect of the quality of services on the strategic flexibility in non-governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. The study reached many recommendations, the most important of which were: Establishing an effective system to receive patients' complaints in a manner that ensures rapid response and treatment, to achieve continuous communication between patients and the hospital administration, to notify patients of dealing with the complaints they submit, and to work to provide all medical and health specialties in hospitals in place. The study, by making use of medical delegations visiting Gaza Strip, involving them in therapeutic operations, bringing in doctors and specialists from abroad, updating the criteria for measuring services provided to patients on an ongoing basis, based on patients' suggestions and complaints, developing facilities in hospitals, as well as updating medical devices and equipment Used in hospitals periodically and the need to work on appointing young people and people of energy, for vacancies in the hospitals under study, and the need to seek the help of an administrative staff that is distinguished by scientific and practical qualifications, and to work on updating information systems, archiving and networks through which data and information are transferred between departments, and finding mechanisms to be done from During which the information stored can be used to enhance the decision-making process. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to discuss Safavid period Islamic philosopher Sadraddin Shirazi’s philosophical methodology and the sources of the school founded by him. The article relies on research conducted on Shirazi philosophy. It shows that Shirazi through synthesizing the methods of the earlier schools that existed in Islam to acquire knowledge devised a new mechanism for acquiring knowledge. Before coming to Shirazi, intellectual movements formed during Islam’s classical period, such as peripateticism, illuminationism, theology and Gnosticism, were of different (...) views regarding the best way to reach the truth. For example, for peripatetics reason, for theologians revelation, for gnostics/mystics intuition or personal experience were important, but ishraqi school was somewhere between peripatetic and Gnostic schools. Sadraddin Shirazi, though, considered all these agents necessary, for they complement each other, and said they should be utilized altogether to obtain ultimate reality. Similarly, considering his philosophical sources, we see that he is influenced almost by all philosophical schools as well as religious sources. However, Ibn Sina and Ibn Arabi’s influence on him was more profound compared to other philosophers. (shrink)

The research aims to identify the impact of the management requirements on operating of computerized management information systems to improve performance, and discuss the perceptions of respondents to develop the performance of employees in the Gaza Electricity Distribution Company, the researchers used the stratified sample method, (360) questionnaires were distributed on the study sample, (306) questionnaires were recovered with a percentage of (85%). The most important findings of the study: computerized MI have a positive impact on the development of performance (...) in the Gaza Electricity Distribution Company systems. The is statistical significance impact between “the physical, software supplies, human and organizational” requirements for the management and operation of computerized management information systems and performance development in the Gaza Electricity Distribution Company. The research also concluded a series of recommendations: the need to strengthen the company's management interest in the use of computerized management information systems in all its components and elements of being an important variable which contributes to the effect on performance development. It's essential that we develop the infrastructure for information technology in general, and computerized management information systems, in particular for the development of performance. Increased interest in providing the material of equipment and devices used in the computerized management information system requirements. Interest in providing technical inputs to the computerized management information systems through keeping pace with technological means and modern techniques and work on the training of personnel to use those systems. And increased attention to human inputs of computerized management information systems "specialists technicians and end-users" through a variety of disciplines working in the field of computerized management information systems. (shrink)

Abstract: A complex parasite such as human Plasmodium is likely to generate a variety of substances that injure the hosts directly or cause immunopathology. In malaria, a blood concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-10) is increased. The present study was performed to analyze IL-10 levels in patients with malaria falciparum and healthy controls individuals and correlate with malaria density infection as well as age groups. It is a cross sectional study was carried out in Khartoum state /Sudan, a (...) total of 70 febrile patients and 20 healthy volunteers as controls were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from both patients and control candidates in (EDTA) containers for parasitological and immunological tests. Immunochromatography test and microscopic examination for both thick and thin blood films were used to detect the positive samples for Plasmodium falciparum. Enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA), was used for the determination of IL-10 levels. The result showed that of IL-10 levels in malaria patients were 1598.50 and SD 4771.64 while the levels in healthy participants the level was 10.39 and SD was 124.33 the difference was found to be statistically significant (P= 0.007). The levels of cytokines mentioned above were observed to be raised in malaria individual compared to healthy control candidates. (shrink)